As COVID-19 cases rise in the United States due to the Delta variant, there is renewed concern about infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during endoscopy. In May 2021, AGA released updated recommendations on preprocedure testing post vaccination in the setting of ongoing population-wide vaccination programs for the prevention of COVID-19–related morbidity. In vaccinated individuals, breakthrough infections occurred very infrequently. Weighing the evidence demonstrating extremely low rates of rates of infection and transmission with vaccination and PPE, and considering the downsides of routine testing (burden, cost, false test results, increased disparities), AGA made a conditional recommendation against routine preprocedure testing for elective cases. The highly contagious Delta variant has now emerged as the predominant SARS-CoV2 virus in the U.S. and some data suggests that it may cause more severe illness than previous strains. While more breakthrough infections may develop in fully vaccinated individuals, the greatest risk of infection, transmission and hospitalizations is among those who are unvaccinated.
- AGA suggests against reinstituting routine preprocedure testing prior to elective endoscopy. The downsides (delays in patient care, burden, inaccurate results) outweigh potential benefits. Infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from asymptomatic individuals is rare especially among vaccinated health care workers using personal protective equipment (PPE), even with the emergence of the Delta variant.
- If PPE is available, AGA recommends using N95 for upper endoscopy and suggests using N95 or surgical masks for lower endoscopy (acknowledging that upper endoscopy is more aerosolizing than lower endoscopy) and continuation of elective and nonelective endoscopy.
- Based on local prevalence rates, PPE, and test availability, in intermediate- and high-prevalence settings, preprocedure testing may be used to inform PPE decisions (N95 versus surgical mask). Additional benefits to testing are small and include deferring elective endoscopy in individuals testing positive and reducing anxiety among staff and patients.
