Case-Based Review

Current Therapeutic Approaches to Renal Cell Carcinoma


 

References

Case Conclusion

Both TKI and mTOR inhibitor therapy fail, and the patient is eligible for third-line therapy. Because of his previous GI perforation, other TKIs are not an option. The patient opts for enrollment in hospice due to declining performance status. For other patients in this situation with a good performance status, nivolumab would be a reasonable option.

Future Directions

With the approval of nivolumab, multiple treatment options are now available for patients with metastatic or unresectable RCC. Development of other PD-1 inhibitors and immunotherapies as well as multi-targeted TKIs will only serve to expand treatment options for these patients. Given the aggressive course and poor prognosis of non-clear cell renal cell tumors and those with sarcomatoid features, evaluation of systemic and targeted therapies for these subtypes should remain active areas of research and investigation.

Corresponding author: Jessica Clement, MD, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, clement@uchc.edu.

Financial disclosures: None.

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