Necrolytic Migratory Erythema With Recalcitrant Dermatitis as the Only Presenting Symptom

To the Editor:

A 52-year-old man presented with recalcitrant dermatitis of 6 years’ duration. He was otherwise in excellent health. On initial presentation, physical examination revealed symmetrical, erythematous, blanching plaques with areas of erosions and overlying hemorrhagic crust on the eyebrows, scalp, back, dorsal aspects of the hands, axillae, abdomen (Figure), buttocks, groin, scrotum, pubis, and lower legs. Some areas showed slight necrosis. He denied any fevers, chills, night sweats, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, weight loss, or appetite change.

Scaly plaques on the lower abdomen and inguinal crease characteristic of necrolytic migratory erythema.

Throughout the disease course the patient had visited numerous dermatologists seeking treatment. He had response to higher doses of oral prednisone (80 mg taper), but the condition would recur at the end of an extended taper. Treatment with narrowband UVB, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, acitretin, topical clobetasol, and topical pimecrolimus provided no relief. Eventually he was placed on azathioprine 100 mg twice daily, which led to near-complete resolution. Outbreaks continued every few months and required courses of prednisone.

Multiple biopsies over the years revealed subacute spongiotic or psoriasiform dermatitis. At multiple visits it was noted that during flares there were areas of crusting and mild necrosis, which led to an extensive biochemical investigation. The glucagon level was markedly elevated at 630 ng/L (reference range, 40–130 ng/L), as was insulin at 71 μIU/mL (reference range, 6–27 μIU/mL). Complete blood cell counts over the disease course showed mild normochromic normocytic anemia. The abnormal laboratory findings led to computed tomography of the abdomen, which revealed a mass in the body of the pancreas measuring 3×3.8 cm. After computed tomography, the patient underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Histologic examination revealed a well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine tumor (glucagonoma) confined to the pancreas. After the surgery, the patient’s rash resolved within a few days and he discontinued all medications.