Cutaneous Remodeling From a Radiofrequency Perspective

Radio frequency (RF) is electromagnetic radiation in the 3-kHz to 300-GHz frequency range. The primary effects of RF energy on living tissue are considered to be thermal. The goal of new devices based on this frequency range is to heat specific layers of the skin. Directed use of RF can induce dermal heating and cause collagen degeneration. Wound-healing mechanisms promote remodeling of collagen and wound contraction, ultimately clinically enhancing the appearance of mild to moderate skin laxity. Preliminary studies have reported efficacy in tightening skin laxity of the periorbital area and jowls. Because RF energy is not dependent on specific chromophore interaction, epidermal melanin is not at risk of destruction, and treatment of all skin types is possible. As such, RF systems have been used successfully for nonablative skin rejuvenation, atrophic scar revision, and removing unwanted hair, vascular lesions, and inflammatory acne. The use of RF systems is becoming more popular, although misunderstanding about its mechanisms and limitations remains. This review serves as an introduction and guide to many aspects of using RF in nonablative skin rejuvenation.