There are a number of factors that impact the effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT) on outcomes in patients with myelofibrosis, according to a recent review. Additionally, new therapeutic areas, such as the use and timing of Janus kinase inhibitors with HCT, are also playing a role.

BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm includes primary myelofibrosis, post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis, and post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis. These diseases present with anemia and splenomegaly, as well as significant constitutional symptoms, such as severe fatigue, symptoms associated with an enlarged spleen and liver, pruritus, fevers, night sweats, and bone pain.

The authors note that while HCT remains the only potentially curative option, there is evidence of the role of JAK inhibitors in providing symptom relief.