A legislative solution
While expanding neurology instruction in medical school and increasing exposure to general neurology rotations in residency could help, the clearest path to increasing the number of neurologists in the United States is to lift the decades-old residency cap.
The Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 2023 would do just that, adding 14,000 new medical residency positions over 7 years. The bill has bipartisan support, with hundreds of cosponsors from both sides of the aisle. Nearly 100 professional societies and medical and hospital groups have submitted testimony in support.
Similar legislation has been introduced at least six times since 2007 and no bill has ever made it out of committee. It’s unclear whether the latest version will meet a similar fate, but its expected price tag of $10-$12 billion over 10 years is a large hurdle to overcome.
Congress did take a small step in 2021 to increase residency spots, with legislation that allocated funding for 1,000 new positions over 5 years. Congress added another 200 spots to that total in a bill passed last year.
Critics say the slots are tied up in Medicare red tape and it’s a far cry from the 14,000 new positions experts say are needed to address the physician shortage.
“We absolutely want the larger bill, and we think that’s the way to go, but we’ll continue to work and try to add as many positions as we can,” said Leonard Marquez, senior director of government relations and legislative advocacy for AAMC.
Congress is also considering legislation to speed up prior reauthorization for Medicare, something the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is also seeking to do through rule changes. Nearly 30 state legislatures are debating similar legislation at the state level. And another bill in Congress would expand the Conrad State 30 program, which allows states to request J-1 visa waivers for international physicians to work in underserved areas.
“The solutions to this problem are multifactorial, and the answer that worked 10 years ago won’t be the right answer today, and the answer that works today won’t be the right answer 10 years from now,” Dr. Vidic said. “All we have to do is keep making changes, keep evolving, and the playing field continually changes.”
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.