Diverticulitis: A Primer for Primary Care Providers

For patients who require inpatient management of diverticulitis, treatment typically involves IV antibiotics, fluids, and analgesics. Surgical treatment may be appropriate (see “Surgical treatment”).

Other agents used to manage diverticulitis include three that lack either strong or any data at all showing efficacy. The most recent AGA guidelines recommend against their use for this indication¹⁴:

Rifaximin. Two recent observational cohort studies, one from 2013 and the other from 2017, compared this poorly absorbed oral antibiotic with mesalamine to placebo or no treatment at all.⁴² Neither provided evidence that rifaximin treats or prevents diverticulitis.

Mesalamine. This anti-inflammatory has also been studied to prevent recurrence of diverticulitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of 1,182 patients, Raskin et al found that mesalamine did not reduce the rate of recurrence of diverticulitis, time to recurrence, or the number of patients requiring surgery.⁴³ This conclusion was reiterated by a 2016 meta-analysis that found no evidence to support use of mesalamine in the prevention of diverticulitis recurrence.⁴⁴

Probiotics. Despite multiple studies undertaken to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diverticular disease, strong data supporting their use are sparse. In 2016, Lahner et al examined 11 studies in which various probiotics were used to treat diverticular disease and found that, although there was a weak positive trend in the reduction and remission of abdominal symptoms, the evidence was not strong enough to recommend their routine use in managing the disease.⁴⁵

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