What vitamins and minerals should be given to breastfed and bottle-fed infants?

Recommendations from others

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that:

• All newborns receive vitamin K as an intramuscular dose of 0.5 to 1 mg⁹
• All full-term appropriate-for-gestational-age breastfed infants receive a supplemental source of iron starting at 4 to 6 months of age, preferably from iron-enriched complementary foods. Infants should only receive formula fortified with 10 to 12 mg/L for weaning or supplementing breastmilk¹⁰
• All infants, including those exclusively breastfed, should have a minimum intake of 200 IU of vitamin D per day starting in the first 2 months of life.

The National Academy of Sciences recommends 200 IU of vitamin D daily for all normal infants, children, and adolescents.¹¹

The US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) states evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the routine use of iron supplements for healthy infants.¹²

The USPSTF, AAP, and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends 0.25 mg/d of fluoride supplement for children ages 6 months to 3 years if the fluoride concentration in the community drinking water is less than 0.3 ppm. Older children may benefit from supplements if the fluoride concentration is between 0.3 and 0.6 ppm.¹³